/* ==================================================================
   MSEPP WEBSITE MASTER STYLESHEET
   ==================================================================
   PROJECT: Mumbai School of Economics and Public Policy
   VERSION: 3.1 (Enhanced Documentation)
   DATE: March 30, 2026
   AUTHOR: MSEPP Web Team

   PURPOSE:
   - Provides a consistent visual identity for the public website
     and the admin panel.
   - Uses CSS custom properties (variables) for easy theming.
   - Implements responsive design for all device sizes.
   - Includes smooth animations and hover effects without layout shifts.

   DEPLOYMENT NOTES:
   - Ensure all image paths (e.g., /images/faculty/) are correct.
   - For production, consider minifying this file to reduce load time.
   - The admin styles (section 33) are isolated and only apply when
     the page contains elements with class .admin-wrapper or .admin-container.
   - If you change the navbar height, update the `scroll-margin-top` value
     in JavaScript and CSS to maintain smooth anchor scrolling.

   TABLE OF CONTENTS
   ==================================================================
   1.  RESET & BASE STYLES ......................... lines 30-45
   2.  ROOT VARIABLES .............................. lines 47-70
   3.  TYPOGRAPHY & UTILITY CLASSES ................. lines 72-95
   4.  TOP BAR (Institutional Header) ............... lines 97-280
        4.1 Desktop Styles
        4.2 Responsive Adjustments
   5.  NAVIGATION (Main Menu) ....................... lines 282-520
        5.1 Navbar Container
        5.2 Logo & Menu Items
        5.3 Dropdown Menus
        5.4 Submenus
        5.5 Mobile Navigation
   6.  HERO SECTION (with Slideshow) ................ lines 522-650
   7.  BUTTONS ...................................... lines 652-700
   8.  SECTION STYLES & TITLES ...................... lines 702-735
   9.  ABOUT SECTION ................................ lines 737-820
   10. DIRECTOR'S DESK SECTION ...................... lines 822-890
   11. MISSION & VISION SECTION ..................... lines 892-950
   12. HIGHLIGHTS SECTION ........................... lines 952-1010
   13. PROGRAMS SECTION ............................. lines 1012-1090
   14. FACULTY SECTION .............................. lines 1092-1220
        14.1 Faculty Cards
        14.2 Faculty Images (Circular/Oval)
        14.3 Faculty Social Links (Pill Style)
   15. RESEARCH SECTION ............................. lines 1222-1300
   16. AUTHORITIES SECTION (Tables) ................. lines 1302-1380
   17. COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS .................. lines 1382-1500
   18. OPEN COURSE WARE ............................. lines 1502-1570
   19. VISITING FELLOWS ............................. lines 1572-1640
   20. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF ......................... lines 1642-1700
   21. WORKING PAPERS & PUBLICATIONS ................. lines 1702-1800
   22. FACILITIES & COLLABORATIONS ................... lines 1802-1900
   23. EVENTS SECTION ................................ lines 1902-1970
   24. DR DAVE CENTRE ................................ lines 1972-2040
   25. ALUMNI SECTION ................................ lines 2042-2100
   26. STUDENT LIFE .................................. lines 2102-2160
   27. GALLERY SECTION ............................... lines 2162-2280
   28. NEWS/ANNOUNCEMENTS ............................ lines 2282-2400
   29. CONTACT SECTION ............................... lines 2402-2540
   30. FOOTER ........................................ lines 2542-2640
   31. ANIMATIONS .................................... lines 2642-2660
   32. RESPONSIVE MEDIA QUERIES ...................... lines 2662-2950
        32.1 Large Desktop (max-width: 1200px)
        32.2 Tablet Landscape (max-width: 1024px)
        32.3 Tablet Portrait (max-width: 992px)
        32.4 Mobile Large (max-width: 768px)
        32.5 Mobile Small (max-width: 680px)
        32.6 Mobile Extra Small (max-width: 480px)
   33. ADMIN PANEL STYLES ............................ lines 2952-3100
        33.1 Admin Header & Navigation
        33.2 Admin Tables
        33.3 Admin Forms
        33.4 Admin Buttons
        33.5 File Upload & Preview
   
   REFERENCE GUIDE:
   - Variables defined in Section 2
   - Mobile overrides in Section 32
   - Admin styles isolated in Section 33
   ================================================================== */

/* ========== 1. RESET & BASE STYLES ========== 
   Purpose: Remove browser defaults for consistent rendering
   Last updated: March 1, 2025
   Notes: This ensures all elements start from the same baseline.
*/
* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* ========== 2. ROOT VARIABLES ========== 
   Purpose: Centralized design tokens (colors, shadows, transitions)
   Reference: Used throughout all sections
   Last updated: March 5, 2025
   Notes: Modify these to change the entire site's appearance quickly.
*/
:root {
    /* Brand Colors */
    --primary-color: #020438;      /* Deep navy - main brand */
    --secondary-color: #283593;     /* Lighter navy - gradients */
    --accent-color: #3949ab;        /* Bright blue - highlights */
    
    /* Text Colors */
    --text-color: #333;             /* Primary text */
    --text-light: #666;             /* Secondary text */
    
    /* Backgrounds */
    --bg-light: #f5f5f5;            /* Section backgrounds */
    --white: #ffffff;                /* Pure white */
    
    /* Shadows */
    --shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    --shadow-hover: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
    
    /* Effects */
    --transition: all 0.3s ease;
    --border-radius: 8px;
    --border-radius-lg: 12px;
    --border-radius-full: 50%;
}

/* ========== 3. TYPOGRAPHY & UTILITY CLASSES ========== 
   Purpose: Base text styles and reusable helpers
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
   Notes: The .container class limits content width on large screens.
*/
body {
    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--text-color);
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

.container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
}

.section-alt {
    background: var(--bg-light);
}

/* ========== 4. TOP BAR WITH INSTITUTIONAL IDENTITY ========== 
   Purpose: University emblem + bilingual name + contact info
   Features: Extreme left logo, right-aligned contact, responsive stacking
   Last updated: March 9, 2025
   Notes: The top bar remains visible even when scrolling (z-index > navbar).
*/

/* 4.1 Top Bar Container */
.top-bar {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 15px 0;
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--accent-color);
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1001;
    width: 100%;
}

/* 4.2 Top Bar Content Layout */
.top-bar-content {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    gap: 15px;
    width: 100%;
}

/* 4.3 Logo Section */
.top-bar-logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 20px;
    flex: 0 1 auto;
}

.top-bar-emblem {
    width: 60px;
    height: auto;
    max-height: 60px;
    object-fit: contain;
    display: block;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    filter: none;
}

.top-bar-emblem:hover {
    transform: scale(1.08);  /* Gentle hover zoom – no layout shift */
}

/* 4.4 Title Section (Bilingual) */
.top-bar-title {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.top-bar-english {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.3px;
    line-height: 1.2;
    color: var(--white);
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
}

.top-bar-marathi {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Devanagari', 'Nirmala UI', sans-serif;
    opacity: 0.95;
    margin-top: 4px;
    line-height: 1.2;
    color: var(--white);
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
}

/* 4.5 Contact Section */
.top-bar-contact {
    display: flex;
    gap: 12px;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    margin-left: auto;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
}

.top-bar-contact a {
    color: var(--white);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
    padding: 4px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.top-bar-contact a:hover {
    background: var(--accent-color);
    transform: translateY(-1px);  /* No layout shift – transform only */
    border-color: var(--white);
}

.top-bar-contact i {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--white);
}

/* 4.6 Top Bar Responsive Adjustments */
@media (max-width: 1200px) {
    .top-bar-english { font-size: 1.2rem; }
    .top-bar-marathi { font-size: 1rem; }
    .top-bar-contact a { font-size: 0.8rem; padding: 3px 6px; }
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .top-bar-content { flex-wrap: wrap; }
    .top-bar-contact { 
        margin-left: 0; 
        width: 100%; 
        justify-content: center; 
        margin-top: 5px; 
    }
    .top-bar-title { white-space: normal; }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .top-bar { padding: 12px 0; }
    .top-bar-content { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; gap: 12px; }
    .top-bar-logo { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; gap: 10px; }
    .top-bar-emblem { width: 70px; }
    .top-bar-english { font-size: 1.2rem; }
    .top-bar-marathi { font-size: 1rem; }
    .top-bar-contact { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; margin-top: 5px; }
    .top-bar-contact a { min-width: 160px; font-size: 0.85rem; padding: 5px 10px; }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .top-bar { padding: 10px 0; }
    .top-bar-contact { flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; width: 100%; }
    .top-bar-contact a { width: 100%; padding: 8px; font-size: 0.85rem; }
    .top-bar-english { font-size: 1.1rem; }
    .top-bar-marathi { font-size: 0.95rem; }
    .top-bar-emblem { width: 60px; }
}

/* ========== 5. NAVIGATION ========== 
   Purpose: Main site navigation with dropdowns
   Features: Multi-level dropdowns, sticky header, mobile hamburger
   Last updated: March 5, 2025
   Notes: The navbar is sticky; hover effects use transforms only.
*/

/* 5.1 Navbar Container */
.navbar {
    background: var(--white);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    z-index: 1000;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.nav-container {
    max-width: 1400px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 1rem 20px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    position: relative;
    gap: 20px;
    justify-content: flex-start;
}

/* 5.2 Logo Section */
.nav-logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-right: 0;
}

.nav-logo i { font-size: 1.5rem; }
.nav-short-name { font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: bold; color: var(--primary-color); letter-spacing: 0.5px; }

/* 5.3 Menu Items */
.nav-menu {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.nav-item { position: relative; }

.nav-menu > .nav-item > a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--text-color);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.2rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.2rem;
    transition: color 0.5s ease;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.nav-menu > .nav-item > a i { font-size: 0.65rem; transition: transform 0.3s ease; }

.nav-menu > .nav-item:hover > a { color: var(--primary-color); }
.nav-menu > .nav-item:hover > a i.fa-chevron-down { transform: rotate(180deg); }

/* 5.4 Dropdown Menus (First Level) */
.dropdown-menu {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    background: var(--white);
    min-width: 220px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
    border-radius: 5px;
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    z-index: 1000;
}

.nav-item:hover > .dropdown-menu {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.dropdown-menu li { position: relative; }

.dropdown-menu li a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    color: var(--text-color);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.dropdown-menu li a:hover {
    background: var(--bg-light);
    color: var(--primary-color);
    padding-left: 2rem;   /* Small padding change – could shift, but it's subtle */
}

.dropdown-menu li a i.fa-chevron-right { font-size: 0.7rem; transition: transform 0.3s ease; }
.dropdown-menu li:hover > a i.fa-chevron-right { transform: translateX(5px); }

/* 5.5 Submenus (Second Level) */
.submenu {
    position: absolute;
    left: 100%;
    top: 0;
    background: var(--white);
    min-width: 200px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
    border-radius: 5px;
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateX(-10px);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    z-index: 1001;
}

.dropdown-menu li:hover > .submenu {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateX(0);
}

/* Edge detection - prevents submenu going off-screen */
.dropdown-menu li:last-child .submenu,
.dropdown-menu li:nth-last-child(2) .submenu {
    left: auto;
    right: 100%;
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-right: 0.5rem;
}

.submenu li a { padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem; font-size: 0.85rem; }
.submenu li a:hover { padding-left: 2rem; }

/* 5.6 Hamburger Menu (Mobile) */
.hamburger {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    cursor: pointer;
    gap: 5px;
}

.hamburger span {
    width: 25px;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--primary-color);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* ========== 6. HERO SECTION ========== 
   Purpose: Full-screen welcome with slideshow
   Features: Auto-playing images, overlay, centered text
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
   Notes: Uses opacity transitions for slide changes – no layout shifts.
*/
.hero {
    height: 100vh;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    text-align: center;
    color: var(--white);
    position: relative;
    margin-top: 0;
}

.hero-slideshow {
    position: relative;
    height: 100vh;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-top: 0;
}

.slideshow-container {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    z-index: 0;
}

.slide {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 1.5s ease-in-out;
}

.slide.active { opacity: 1; }

.slide img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center;
}

.hero-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
    z-index: 1;
}

.hero-content {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    color: white;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0 20px;
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    animation: fadeInUp 1s ease;
}

.hero h1 { font-size: 3.5rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); }
.university-name { font-size: 1.8rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-weight: 300; opacity: 0.9; text-shadow: 1px 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); }
.hero-subtitle { font-size: 1.3rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; opacity: 0.9; text-shadow: 1px 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); }
.hero-buttons { display: flex; gap: 1rem; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; }

/* Slideshow Dots */
.slideshow-dots {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 30px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    z-index: 3;
    display: flex;
    gap: 12px;
}

.dot {
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
    border-radius: 50%;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.dot.active,
.dot:hover {
    background: white;
    transform: scale(1.2);
}

/* ========== 7. BUTTONS ========== 
   Purpose: Reusable button styles
   Last updated: March 1, 2025
   Notes: Hover effects use transforms and box-shadows – no layout shift.
*/
.btn {
    padding: 12px 30px;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 5px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-block;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.btn-primary {
    background: var(--white);
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background: var(--bg-light);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.btn-secondary {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--white);
    border: 2px solid var(--white);
}

.btn-secondary:hover {
    background: var(--white);
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

/* ========== 8. SECTION STYLES & TITLES ========== 
   Purpose: Consistent section spacing and headings
   Last updated: March 1, 2025
   Notes: The section title underline uses pseudo-element.
*/
section { padding: 80px 0; }

.section-title {
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
}

.section-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 80px;
    height: 4px;
    background: var(--accent-color);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* ========== 9. ABOUT SECTION ========== 
   Purpose: Institution introduction with statistics
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
   Notes: Uses CSS Grid for two-column layout.
*/
.about { background: var(--white); }

.about-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.about-text p {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

/* Statistics Grid */
.stats {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.stat-item {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    background: var(--bg-light);
    border-radius: 10px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.stat-item:hover { transform: translateY(-5px); }
.stat-item h3 { font-size: 2.5rem; color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.stat-item p { color: var(--text-light); font-size: 0.9rem; }

/* Framed Image */
.about-image {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 0;
    height: 100%;
}

.image-frame {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    border: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(2,4,56,0.1);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
    width: 100%;
    height: 450px;
    background: #f5f5f5;
}

.image-frame:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(2,4,56,0.2);
}

.about-img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center;
    background: #f5f5f5;
}

.image-frame::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* ========== 10. DIRECTOR'S DESK SECTION ========== 
   Purpose: Director's message with circular photo
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
.director-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 350px 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.director-message { padding: 2rem; }

.director-frame-circle {
    border: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
    border-radius: 50%;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(2,4,56,0.1);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
    width: 400px;
    height: 400px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.director-frame-circle:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(2,4,56,0.2);
}

.director-img-circle {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center;
    display: block;
}

/* ========== 11. MISSION & VISION SECTION ========== 
   Purpose: Two-card layout for institutional goals
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
.mission-vision-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 3rem;
}

.mission-card {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2.5rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    text-align: center;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.mission-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.mission-icon {
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--white);
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    margin: 0 auto 1.5rem;
}

.mission-card h3 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; font-size: 1.5rem; }
.mission-card p { color: var(--text-light); line-height: 1.8; }

/* ========== 12. HIGHLIGHTS SECTION ========== 
   Purpose: Key achievements in 3-column grid
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
.highlights-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
}

.highlight-item {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    text-align: center;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.highlight-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.highlight-item i { font-size: 3rem; color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.highlight-item h4 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.highlight-item h4 a.highlight-link { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; transition: all 0.3s ease; }
.highlight-item h4 a.highlight-link:hover { color: var(--primary-color); text-decoration: underline; }
.highlight-item p { color: var(--text-light); font-size: 0.9rem; }

/* ========== 13. PROGRAMS SECTION ========== 
   Purpose: MA and PhD program cards
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
.programs { background: var(--bg-light); }

.programs-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
}

.program-card {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.program-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.program-icon {
    width: 70px;
    height: 70px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--white);
    font-size: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.program-card h3 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; font-size: 1.5rem; }
.program-card p { color: var(--text-light); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.8; }

.program-card ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--bg-light);
}

.program-card ul li { padding: 0.5rem 0; color: var(--text-light); }
.program-card ul li::before { content: '✓ '; color: var(--primary-color); font-weight: bold; margin-right: 0.5rem; }

/* ========== 14. FACULTY SECTION ========== 
   Purpose: Faculty profiles with photos and social links
   Last updated: March 9, 2025
   Notes: Faculty images are circular; hover uses transform scale.
*/
.faculty { background: var(--white); }

.faculty-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
}

.faculty-card {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    text-align: center;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.faculty-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.faculty-card h3 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.faculty-designation { color: var(--accent-color); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.faculty-expertise { color: var(--text-light); font-size: 0.9rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }

/* 14.1 Faculty Images (Circular/Oval) */
.faculty-image {
    width: 150px;
    height: 150px;
    margin: 0 auto 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 50%;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    border: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
}

.faculty-photo {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center;
    display: block;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.faculty-card:hover .faculty-photo { transform: scale(1.05); }
.faculty-image i { font-size: 4rem; color: var(--white); }

/* 14.2 Faculty Social Links (Pill Style) */
.faculty-social {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.faculty-social a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    background: var(--bg-light);
    border-radius: 30px;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    min-width: 100px;
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.faculty-social a i { font-size: 1.1rem; transition: transform 0.3s ease; }

.faculty-social a:hover {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--white);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(2,4,56,0.2);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
}

.faculty-social a:hover i { transform: scale(1.1); }

/* ========== 15. RESEARCH SECTION ========== 
   Purpose: Research areas and centers
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
.research { background: var(--bg-light); }

.research-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
}

.research-areas h3,
.research-labs h3 {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
}

.research-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
}

.research-item {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.research-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.research-item i { font-size: 2.5rem; color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.research-item h4 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.research-item p { color: var(--text-light); font-size: 0.9rem; }

.labs-list {
    list-style: none;
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.labs-list li {
    padding: 1rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bg-light);
    color: var(--text-color);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.labs-list li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.labs-list i { color: var(--primary-color); }

/* ========== 16. AUTHORITIES SECTION ========== 
   Purpose: Governing bodies tables
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
   Notes: Tables are responsive on small screens (see media queries).
*/
.authority-section { margin-bottom: 3rem; }
.authority-title { color: var(--primary-color); font-size: 1.8rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.authority-desc { color: var(--text-light); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }

.authority-table-wrapper {
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.authority-table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
}

.authority-table thead {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--white);
}

.authority-table th,
.authority-table td {
    padding: 1rem 1.2rem;
    text-align: left;
    vertical-align: top;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bg-light);
}

.authority-table th:first-child,
.authority-table td:first-child {
    width: 80px;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.authority-table tbody tr:hover { background: var(--bg-light); }

/* ========== 17. COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS ========== 
   Purpose: Tabbed course content
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
   Notes: Uses CSS classes to show/hide content with JavaScript.
*/
.course-tabs, .syllabus-tabs, .events-tabs {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.tab-btn {
    padding: 12px 30px;
    border: 2px solid var(--primary-color);
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    border-radius: 5px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.tab-btn:hover,
.tab-btn.active {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--white);
}

.course-content, .syllabus-content, .event-content { display: none; }
.course-content.active, .syllabus-content.active, .event-content.active { display: block; }

/* Semester Grid */
.semester-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
}

.semester-card {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.semester-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.semester-card h4 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; font-size: 1.3rem; }

.semester-card ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding-left: 0;
}

.semester-card ul li {
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    color: var(--text-light);
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
    position: relative;
}

.semester-card ul li::before {
    content: '•';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

/* PhD Structure */
.phd-structure {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
}

.phd-phase {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.phd-phase h4 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; font-size: 1.3rem; }

.phd-phase ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding-left: 0;
}

.phd-phase ul li {
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    color: var(--text-light);
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
    position: relative;
}

.phd-phase ul li::before {
    content: '•';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

/* ========== 18. OPEN COURSE WARE ========== 
   Purpose: E-learning resources
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
.ocw-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
}

.ocw-card {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.ocw-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.ocw-card h3 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }

.ocw-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.ocw-link {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    padding: 1rem;
    background: var(--bg-light);
    border-radius: 5px;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--text-color);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.ocw-link:hover {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--white);
    transform: translateX(5px);
}

.ocw-link i { font-size: 1.5rem; color: var(--primary-color); transition: all 0.3s ease; }
.ocw-link:hover i { color: var(--white); }

/* ========== 19. VISITING FELLOWS ========== 
   Purpose: Year-based visiting scholars
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
#visiting-fellows .event-content {
    display: none;
    padding: 30px;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 6px;
    background: var(--white);
    margin-top: 20px;
}

#visiting-fellows .event-content:first-of-type { display: block; }

#visiting-fellows .vf-dropdown {
    padding: 10px 18px;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--primary-color);
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    background-color: #eef1f6;
    cursor: pointer;
    outline: none;
}

/* ========== 20. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF ========== 
   Purpose: Non-teaching staff profiles
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
.admin-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
}

.admin-card {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    text-align: center;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.admin-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.admin-card i { font-size: 3rem; color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.admin-card h4 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.admin-card p { color: var(--text-light); }

/* ========== 21. WORKING PAPERS & PUBLICATIONS ========== 
   Purpose: Research outputs listing
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
.papers-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.paper-item {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.paper-item:hover {
    transform: translateX(5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.paper-item h4 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.paper-title { font-weight: 600; color: var(--text-color); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.paper-authors { color: var(--text-light); margin-bottom: 1rem; font-style: italic; }

.paper-link {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    transition: gap 0.3s ease;
}

.paper-link:hover { gap: 1rem; }

.publications-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
}

.publication-card {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.publication-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.publication-card h4 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.publication-card p { color: var(--text-light); line-height: 1.8; }

/* ========== 22. FACILITIES & COLLABORATIONS ========== 
   Purpose: Campus facilities and partnerships
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
.facilities-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
}

.facility-card {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    text-align: center;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.facility-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.facility-card i { font-size: 3rem; color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.facility-card h4 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.facility-card p { color: var(--text-light); }

.collab-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
}

.collab-item {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.collab-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.collab-item h4 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.collab-item p { color: var(--text-light); line-height: 1.8; }

/* ========== 23. EVENTS SECTION ========== 
   Purpose: Events listing with tabs
   Last updated: March 9, 2025
*/
.event-content {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.event-content h3 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; font-size: 1.5rem; }

.event-item {
    padding: 1.5rem;
    background: var(--bg-light);
    border-radius: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.event-item:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.event-item h4 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; font-size: 1.2rem; }
.event-item p { color: var(--text-light); line-height: 1.8; }

/* ========== 24. DR DAVE CENTRE ========== 
   Purpose: Finance research centre details
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
.dave-centre-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.dave-section {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.dave-section h3 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; font-size: 1.4rem; }
.dave-section p { color: var(--text-light); line-height: 1.8; }
.dave-section a { color: var(--primary-color); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; }
.dave-section a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* ========== 25. ALUMNI SECTION ========== 
   Purpose: Alumni network statistics
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
.alumni-content { text-align: center; }

.alumni-content > p {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    max-width: 800px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

.alumni-stats {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
}

.alumni-stat {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.alumni-stat:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.alumni-stat h3 { font-size: 2.5rem; color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.alumni-stat p { color: var(--text-light); font-size: 1rem; }

/* ========== 26. STUDENT LIFE ========== 
   Purpose: Student activities and opportunities
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
.student-life-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
}

.student-life-card {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.student-life-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

.student-life-card h3 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; font-size: 1.4rem; }
.student-life-card p { color: var(--text-light); line-height: 1.8; }

/* ========== 27. GALLERY SECTION ========== 
   Purpose: Photo albums with overlays
   Last updated: March 4, 2025
   Notes: Uses scale transform on hover – no layout shift.
*/
.gallery-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.gallery-item {
    position: relative;
    border-radius: 10px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: var(--transition);
    cursor: pointer;
    aspect-ratio: 4/3;
}

.gallery-item:hover {
    transform: scale(1.03);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
    z-index: 2;
}

.gallery-item img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
    transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}

.gallery-item:hover img { transform: scale(1.1); }

.gallery-link {
    display: block;
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: white;
}

.photo-count {
    position: absolute;
    top: 15px;
    left: 15px;
    background: rgba(2,4,56,0.85);
    color: white;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    border-radius: 30px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    z-index: 3;
    backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
}

.photo-count i { font-size: 1rem; }

.gallery-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(2,4,56,0.95), rgba(2,4,56,0.7));
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
    text-align: center;
    z-index: 2;
}

.gallery-item:hover .gallery-overlay { opacity: 1; }

.gallery-overlay h4 {
    color: white;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    transform: translateY(20px);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease 0.1s;
}

.gallery-overlay p {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9);
    font-size: 1rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
    transform: translateY(20px);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease 0.2s;
}

.gallery-item:hover .gallery-overlay h4,
.gallery-item:hover .gallery-overlay p { transform: translateY(0); }

/* ========== 28. NEWS/ANNOUNCEMENTS ========== 
   Purpose: Latest news and updates
   Last updated: March 4, 2025
*/
.news {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 80px 0;
}

.news-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
    gap: 2.5rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.news-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    padding: 2rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
    position: relative;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

.news-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-8px);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 30px rgba(2,4,56,0.1);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
}

.news-date {
    position: absolute;
    top: -15px;
    left: 25px;
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 8px 18px;
    border-radius: 30px;
    text-align: center;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(2,4,56,0.3);
    z-index: 2;
}

.news-date .day { font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1; }
.news-date .month { font-size: 0.9rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px; opacity: 0.9; font-weight: 500; }

.news-card h3 {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin: 1.2rem 0 1rem;
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.3;
    padding-right: 1rem;
}

.news-card p {
    color: var(--text-light);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.news-link {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
}

.news-link:hover {
    gap: 1rem;
    border-bottom-color: var(--primary-color);
}

.news-link i { font-size: 0.9rem; transition: transform 0.3s ease; }
.news-link:hover i { transform: translateX(5px); }

/* ========== 29. CONTACT SECTION ========== 
   Purpose: Contact information and inquiry form
   Last updated: March 4, 2025
*/
.contact {
    background: var(--bg-light);
    padding: 80px 0;
}

.contact-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.contact-info {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.contact-item {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.contact-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(2,4,56,0.1);
}

.contact-item i {
    font-size: 2.2rem;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    background: var(--bg-light);
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: 50%;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.contact-item:hover i {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--white);
}

.contact-item h3 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; font-size: 1.2rem; }
.contact-item p { color: var(--text-light); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 1rem; }

.contact-form {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: 2.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.contact-form h3 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; font-size: 1.5rem; }
.form-group { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }

.form-group input,
.form-group textarea {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border: 2px solid #eef1f6;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: 1rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
    background: #fafbfc;
}

.form-group input:focus,
.form-group textarea:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
    background: var(--white);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(2,4,56,0.1);
}

.form-group textarea {
    resize: vertical;
    min-height: 120px;
}

.contact-form .btn-primary {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 14px;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--white);
    border: none;
}

.contact-form .btn-primary:hover {
    background: var(--accent-color);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* ========== 30. FOOTER ========== 
   Purpose: Site footer with links and copyright
   Last updated: March 2, 2025
*/
.footer {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 3rem 0 1rem;
}

.footer-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.footer-section h3 { margin-bottom: 1rem; font-size: 1.3rem; color: var(--white); }
.footer-section p { opacity: 0.9; line-height: 1.8; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }

.footer-section ul {
    list-style: none;
}

.footer-section ul li { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.footer-section ul li a {
    color: var(--white);
    text-decoration: none;
    opacity: 0.9;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}
.footer-section ul li a:hover { opacity: 1; text-decoration: underline; }

.social-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.social-links a {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--white);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.social-links a:hover {
    background: var(--white);
    color: var(--primary-color);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.footer-bottom {
    text-align: center;
    padding-top: 2rem;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    opacity: 0.8;
}

/* ========== 31. ANIMATIONS ========== 
   Purpose: Reusable keyframe animations
   Last updated: March 1, 2025
*/
@keyframes fadeInUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(30px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

/* ========== 32. RESPONSIVE MEDIA QUERIES ========== 
   Purpose: Mobile and tablet adaptations
   Last updated: March 9, 2025
   Notes: All hover effects that change layout (e.g., padding) are overridden
          or kept subtle to avoid shifts. Mobile navigation uses JavaScript.
*/

/* 32.1 Large Desktop */
@media (max-width: 1200px) {
    .hero h1 { font-size: 3rem; }
    .university-name { font-size: 1.5rem; }
    .section-title { font-size: 2.2rem; }
}

/* 32.2 Tablet Landscape */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    /* Add tablet landscape styles if needed */
}

/* 32.3 Tablet Portrait */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
    /* Add tablet portrait styles if needed */
}

/* 32.4 Mobile Large */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    /* Navigation */
    .hamburger { display: flex; }

    .nav-menu {
        position: fixed;
        left: -100%;
        top: 70px;
        flex-direction: column;
        background: var(--white);
        width: 100%;
        max-height: calc(100vh - 70px);
        overflow-y: auto;
        transition: 0.3s;
        box-shadow: var(--shadow);
        padding: 1rem 0;
        gap: 0;
        z-index: 999;
    }

    .nav-menu.active { left: 0; }
    .nav-menu > .nav-item { width: 100%; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bg-light); }
    .nav-menu > .nav-item > a {
        padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }

    /* Mobile Dropdown */
    .dropdown-menu {
        position: static;
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        transform: none;
        box-shadow: none;
        background: var(--bg-light);
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        max-height: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        transition: max-height 0.3s ease;
        border-radius: 0;
    }

    .nav-item.dropdown-active > .dropdown-menu {
        max-height: 1000px;
        padding: 0.5rem 0;
    }

    .dropdown-menu li a { padding: 0.75rem 2.5rem; }

    /* Mobile Submenu */
    .submenu {
        position: static;
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        transform: none;
        box-shadow: none;
        background: rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        max-height: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        transition: max-height 0.3s ease;
        border-radius: 0;
    }

    .dropdown-menu li.submenu-active > .submenu {
        max-height: 1000px;
        padding: 0.5rem 0;
    }

    .submenu li a { padding: 0.75rem 3.5rem; }

    /* Hero Section */
    .hero h1 { font-size: 2.2rem; }
    .university-name { font-size: 1.3rem; }
    .hero-subtitle { font-size: 1.1rem; }
    .slideshow-dots { bottom: 20px; }
    .dot { width: 10px; height: 10px; }

    /* Grid Layouts - Single Column */
    .about-content, .contact-content, .research-content,
    .mission-vision-grid, .highlights-grid, .semester-grid,
    .phd-structure, .ocw-grid, .collab-grid, .facilities-grid,
    .publications-grid, .student-life-grid, .alumni-stats {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 2rem;
    }

    .gallery-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .director-content { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; gap: 2rem; }
    .director-frame-circle { width: 250px; height: 250px; }
    .stats { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .programs-grid, .faculty-grid, .news-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .footer-content { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}

/* 32.5 Mobile Small */
@media (max-width: 680px) {
    /* Authority Tables Responsive */
    .authority-table thead { display: none; }
    .authority-table, .authority-table tbody, .authority-table tr, .authority-table td {
        display: block;
        width: 100%;
    }
    .authority-table tr {
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bg-light);
        padding: 0.5rem 0;
    }
    .authority-table td {
        padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
        position: relative;
        text-align: right;
    }
    .authority-table td::before {
        content: attr(data-label);
        font-weight: 600;
        color: var(--primary-color);
        float: left;
        margin-right: 1rem;
    }
}

/* 32.6 Mobile Extra Small */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .hero h1 { font-size: 1.8rem; }
    .hero-subtitle { font-size: 1rem; }
    .hero-buttons { flex-direction: column; gap: 0.8rem; }
    .btn { width: 100%; text-align: center; }
    .stats { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .programs-grid, .faculty-grid, .news-grid, .gallery-grid, .footer-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .faculty-social a { padding: 8px 12px; font-size: 0.85rem; min-width: 80px; }
    .section-title { font-size: 2rem; }
    .section-title::after { width: 60px; }
    .contact-item { flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; }
    .contact-item i { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
    .news-date { left: 15px; padding: 6px 12px; }
    .news-date .day { font-size: 1.2rem; }
    .news-card h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
    .gallery-overlay h4 { font-size: 1.1rem; }
    .photo-count { top: 10px; left: 10px; padding: 4px 10px; font-size: 0.8rem; }
}

/* ========== 33. ADMIN PANEL STYLES ========== 
   Purpose: Styles for CMS admin interface
   Last updated: March 9, 2025
   Note: These styles only apply to admin pages (they use .admin-wrapper etc.).
*/

/* 33.1 Admin Header & Navigation */
.admin-header {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: white;
    padding: 20px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.admin-header h1 {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
}

.header-nav {
    display: flex;
    gap: 15px;
    align-items: center;
}

.header-link {
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 5px 15px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: background 0.3s;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.header-link:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.header-link.logout {
    background: #dc3545;
}

.header-link.logout:hover {
    background: #c82333;
}

.back-link {
    background: var(--accent-color);
}

.dashboard-link {
    background: #28a745;
}

/* 33.2 Admin Container */
.admin-container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 20px;
    background: white;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

/* 33.3 Admin Tables */
.admin-table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.admin-table th {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: white;
    padding: 12px;
    text-align: left;
}

.admin-table td {
    padding: 10px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}

.admin-table tr:hover {
    background: #f5f5f5;
}

/* 33.4 Admin Buttons */
.admin-btn {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 1rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.admin-btn:hover {
    background: var(--accent-color);
}

.admin-btn-edit {
    background: #28a745;
    color: white;
    padding: 5px 10px;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 3px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    display: inline-block;
}

.admin-btn-delete {
    background: #dc3545;
    color: white;
    padding: 5px 10px;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 3px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    display: inline-block;
}

.admin-btn-view {
    background: #17a2b8;
    color: white;
    padding: 5px 10px;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 3px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    display: inline-block;
}

/* 33.5 Admin Forms */
.admin-form-group {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.admin-form-group label {
    display: block;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    color: #333;
}

.admin-form-group input,
.admin-form-group textarea,
.admin-form-group select {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 10px;
    border: 2px solid #eef1f6;
    border-radius: 5px;
    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: 1rem;
    transition: border-color 0.3s;
}

.admin-form-group input:focus,
.admin-form-group textarea:focus,
.admin-form-group select:focus {
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
    outline: none;
}

.admin-form-group input[type="file"] {
    padding: 8px;
    background: #f8f9fa;
}

/* 33.6 Type Badges */
.type-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 3px 10px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.type-conference {
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: white;
}

.type-guest-lecture {
    background: #28a745;
    color: white;
}

.type-workshop {
    background: #ffc107;
    color: #333;
}

.type-seminar {
    background: #17a2b8;
    color: white;
}

/* 33.7 File Display */
.current-file {
    background: #e8f5e9;
    padding: 10px;
    border-radius: 5px;
    margin: 10px 0;
    font-family: monospace;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.filename-preview {
    background: #e3f2fd;
    padding: 10px;
    border-radius: 5px;
    margin: 10px 0;
    font-family: monospace;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

/* 33.8 Error Messages */
.error-message {
    background: #f8d7da;
    color: #721c24;
    padding: 10px;
    border-radius: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.success-message {
    background: #d4edda;
    color: #155724;
    padding: 10px;
    border-radius: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

/* ===== BUTTON CONTAINER - CENTERED ===== 
   Purpose: Centers the two action buttons in the research section.
   Last updated: March 20, 2026
*/
.research-buttons {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 25px;
    margin: 30px 0 40px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    width: 100%;
}

/* ===== FACULTY PORTAL BUTTON ===== 
   Purpose: Prominent call-to-action for faculty portal.
*/
.faculty-portal-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 12px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #020438, #283593);
    color: white;
    padding: 16px 35px;
    border-radius: 50px;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(2, 4, 56, 0.3);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    min-width: 250px;
    text-align: center;
}

/* ===== VIEW ALL PUBLICATIONS BUTTON ===== 
   Purpose: Secondary button to view all publications.
*/
.view-all-publications-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 12px;
    background: white;
    color: #020438;
    padding: 16px 35px;
    border-radius: 50px;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: 2px solid #020438;
    min-width: 250px;
    text-align: center;
}

/* Hover effects remain the same */
.faculty-portal-btn:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1a237e, #3949ab);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 25px rgba(2, 4, 56, 0.4);
}

.view-all-publications-btn:hover {
    background: #020438;
    color: white;
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 25px rgba(2, 4, 56, 0.2);
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .research-buttons {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 15px;
    }
    
    .faculty-portal-btn,
    .view-all-publications-btn {
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 300px;
    }
}

/* ===== FORCE CENTER THE BUTTON CONTAINER ===== 
   Purpose: Ensures buttons are centered even with parent styles.
*/
.research .container {
    text-align: center;
}

.research-buttons {
    display: inline-flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 25px;
    margin: 30px auto 40px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    width: auto;
    max-width: 100%;
}

/* Ensure parent containers allow centering */
.research .container {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0 20px;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}


/* ===== COLLAPSIBLE CARD HEADER ===== 
   Purpose: Header for collapsible content (e.g., academic year groups).
   Last updated: March 20, 2026
*/
.academic-year-header {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #020438, #283593);
    color: white;
    padding: 15px 25px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    border-bottom: 3px solid #ffd700;
    transition: background 0.3s ease;
}

.academic-year-header:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1a237e, #3949ab);
}

.academic-year-header i {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.academic-year-header div {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 15px;
}

/* Optional: Add a subtle border radius to the icon */
.academic-year-header i {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
    padding: 8px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    width: 35px;
    height: 35px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.academic-year-header i:hover {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
}


/* Programs Offered enhancements */
.program-description {
    color: var(--text-light);
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin: 15px 0;
    flex-grow: 1;
}
.program-details {
    background: var(--bg-light);
    padding: 15px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin: 15px 0;
}
.program-details p {
    margin: 5px 0;
    color: var(--text-color);
}


/* Highlight for announcement from ticker click */
tr:target {
    animation: highlightRow 2s ease;
    background-color: #fff3cd !important;
}

@keyframes highlightRow {
    0% { background-color: #fff3cd; }
    70% { background-color: #fff3cd; }
    100% { background-color: transparent; }
}